The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.